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Ngày nhận bài: 23/08/22 Ngày hoàn thiện: 16/09/22 Ngày đăng: 16/09/22Các tác giả
Tô Kim Phượng
, Trường Đại học Trà Vinh
Tóm tắt
Sự phát triển nhanh chóng của công nghệ nano trong những năm qua đã cung cấp nhiều ứng dụng tiềm năng trong khoa học và công nghệ, đáng chú ý là sự phát triển ngày càng mạnh mẽ trong lĩnh vực nano y học. Trong số các vật liệu nano kim loại, hạt nano vàng được ghi nhận sử dụng trong việc điều trị nhiều bệnh ở người, từ bệnh thoái hóa đến bệnh truyền nhiễm, và đặc biệt là trong điều trị ung thư ác tính. Vài thập kỷ trở lại đây, các nghiên cứu đa ngành đã tập trung vào việc thiết kế và tối ưu hóa hạt nano vàng nhằm hỗ trợ các phương pháp chẩn đoán ung thư và tăng cường hiệu quả trong điều trị căn bệnh quái ác này. Dựa vào khả năng hấp thụ tia phóng xạ cao, các đặc tính lý hóa độc đáo, tính chọn lọc cao trong việc nhắm mục tiêu đến các tế bào khối u đích, độc tính thấp, cũng như khả năng vận chuyển các loại thuốc chống ung thư hiệu quả và việc kết hợp dễ dàng với các phương pháp điều trị khác, các hạt nano vàng xuất hiện như yếu tố đầy tiềm năng trong việc phát triển các liệu pháp điều trị mới trong ung thư học. Tuy chưa được chấp nhận sử dụng đại trà trong lâm sàng, những nghiên cứu mở rộng về hạt nano vàng cho thấy tiềm năng của chúng trong cuộc chiến chống lại ung thư. Bài tổng quan này phân tích các vai trò quan trọng của hạt nano vàng như chất tương phản trong hỗ trợ chẩn đoán hình ảnh, chất vận chuyển thuốc/ vật liệu di truyền, chất tăng cường đáp ứng xạ trị, chất tham gia vào liệu pháp quang nhiệt chống ung thư, và tóm tắt những tiến bộ gần đây nhất trong nghiên cứu thử nghiệm cũng như cập nhật các ứng dụng lâm sàng của hạt nano vàng trong điều trị ung thư.
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