RESEARCH ON ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF VITAMIN E AND C LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES | Thu | TNU Journal of Science and Technology

RESEARCH ON ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF VITAMIN E AND C LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES

About this article

Received: 11/07/25                Revised: 26/11/25                Published: 26/11/25

Authors

1. Nguyen Minh Thu Email to author, 1) Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 2) Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, 3) Vinh Long University of Technology Education
2. Le Thi Hong Nhan, 1) Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 2) Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City
3. Ngo Nguyen Tra My, Vinh Long University of Technology Education

Abstract


This research aims to develop a microencapsulation system containing a mixture of antioxidants including olive oil, vitamin E, and vitamin C (in a ratio of 6:3:1), using solid lipid carriers composed of different lipids (Emulgade, Naterol, Sabowax) in combination with 1% Tween 80 as an emulsifier. The microcapsules were prepared using a high-speed homogenization method, and their encapsulation efficiency and antioxidant activity were evaluated using the ABTS free radical scavenging assay. The results showed that the highest loading efficiency of active ingredients was achieved with Emulgade (96.08%  ± 0.30), while the highest encapsulation efficiency was observed with Sabowax (83.13% ± 0.53). Additionally, the Emulgade-based system demonstrated the best stability after 10 days of storage, with a median particle size of 0.38261 μm, as determined by laser diffraction spectroscopy. This study provides a scientific foundation for the application of solid lipid-based microencapsulation systems in protecting sensitive vitamins from environmental factors, paving the way for potential applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and textiles.

Keywords


Solid lipid nanoparticles; Vitamin E; Vitamin C; Microencapsulation system; Antioxidant capacity

References


[1] M. G. Traber and J. Atkinson, “Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 4-15, 2007.

[2] M. Podda, C. Weber, M. G. Traber, and L. Packer, “Simultaneous determination of tissue tocopherols, tocotrienols ubiquinols, and ubiquinones,” Journal of Lipid Research, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 893-901, 1996.

[3] E. Niki, “Action of ascorbic acid as a scavenger of active and stable oxygen radicals,” The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 1119S-1124S, 1991.

[4] S. Gouin, “Microencapsulation: industrial appraisal of existing technologies and trends,” Trends in Food Science & Technology, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 330-347, 2004.

[5] N. V. N. Jyothi, P. M. Prasanna, S. N. Sakarkar, K. S. Prabha, P. S. Ramaiah, and G. Y. Srawan, “Microencapsulation techniques, factors influencing encapsulation efficiency,” Journal of microencapsulation, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 187-197, 2010.

[6] V. Jenning, A. Gysler, M. Schäfer-Korting, and S. H. Gohla, “Vitamin A-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical use: occlusive properties and drug targeting to the upper skin,” European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 211-218, 2000.

[7] E. Subroto, R. Andoyo, and R. Indiarto, “Solid lipid nanoparticles: review of the current research on encapsulation and delivery systems for active and antioxidant compounds,” Antioxidants, vol. 12, no. 3, 2023, Art. no. 633.

[8] E. Romano, R. Palladino, M. Cannavale, E. P. Lamparelli, and B. Maglione, “Enhanced stability of oral vitamin C delivery: a novel large-scale method for liposomes production and encapsulation through dynamic high-pressure microfluidization,” Nanomaterials, vol. 14, no. 6, 2024, Art. no. 516.

[9] Z. Zazuli, R. Hartati, C. R. Rowa, S. Asyarie, and S. Satrialdi, “The potential application of nanocarriers in delivering topical antioxidants,” Pharmaceuticals, vol. 18, no. 1, 2025, Art. no. 56.

[10] P. Detchewa, C. Aphibanthammakit, A. Moongngarm, S. Avallone, P. Prasajak, and C. Boonpan, “Microencapsulation techniques and co-encapsulation of vitamin E and isoflavones in freeze‑dried W/O/W systems,” Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 1, 2025, Art. no. 10627.

[11] R. Re, N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang, and C. Rice-Evans, “Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 26, no. 9-10, pp. 1231-1237, 1999.

[12] R. Favas, H. Almeida, A. F. Peixoto, D. Ferreira, and A. C. Silva, “Advances in encapsulating marine bioactive compounds using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for health applications,” Pharmaceutics, vol. 16, no. 12, 2024, Art. no. 1517.

[13] S. S. Hallan, F. Ferrara, R. Cortesi, and M. Sguizzato, “Potential of the nano-encapsulation of antioxidant molecules in wound healing applications: an innovative strategy to enhance the bio-profile,” Molecules, vol. 30, no. 3, 2025, Art. no. 641.

[14] C. Martinelli, C. Pucci, M. Battaglini, A. Marino, and G. Ciofani, “Antioxidants and nanotechnology: Promises and limits of potentially disruptive approaches in the treatment of central nervous system diseases,” Advanced Healthcare Materials, vol. 9, no. 3, 2020, Art. no. 1901589.

[15] R. H. Muller, M. Radtke, and S. A. Wissing, “Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in cosmetic and dermatological preparations,” Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 54, pp. pp. S131-S155, 2002.

[16] V. Jenning, A. F. Thünemann, and S. H. Gohla, “Characterisation of a novel solid lipid nanoparticle carrier system based on binary mixtures of liquid and solid lipids,” International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 199, no. 2, pp. 167-177, 2000.

[17] E. B. Souto, and R. H. Muller, “Lipid nanoparticles: effect on bioavailability and pharmacokinetic changes,” Handbook of Functional Nanomaterials, vol. 2, pp. 115-141, 2008.

[18] H. C. Mai, L. M. H. Nguyen, and T. H. N. Le, “Effect of homogenization conditions of formation of Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) oil-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs-Gac),” The Journal of Agriculture and Development, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 80-86, 2018.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.34238/tnu-jst.13212

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.
TNU Journal of Science and Technology
Rooms 408, 409 - Administration Building - Thai Nguyen University
Tan Thinh Ward - Thai Nguyen City
Phone: (+84) 208 3840 288 - E-mail: jst@tnu.edu.vn
Based on Open Journal Systems
©2018 All Rights Reserved