RESEARCH ON THE CURRENT SITUATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELF-ESTEEM AND WELL-BEING OF  HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN HO CHI MINH CITY

Lưu Tăng Phúc Khang; Nguyễn Minh Khang; Phạm Đàm Nam Phương; Hoàng Ngọc Ánh Minh; Trương Vinh; Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng Long; Trần Thị Phương Dung

doi:10.34238/tnu-jst.9006

RESEARCH ON THE CURRENT SITUATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELF-ESTEEM AND WELL-BEING OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN HO CHI MINH CITY

About this article

Received: 19/10/23 Revised: 18/01/24 Published: 18/01/24

Authors

1. Luu Tang Phuc Khang , Vietnam Australia International School
2. Nguyen Minh Khang, Vietnam Australia International School
3. Pham Dam Nam Phuong, Vietnam Australia International School
4. Hoang Ngoc anh Minh, Vietnam Australia International School
5. Truong Vinh, International School Ho Chi Minh City
6. Nguyen Ngoc Hoang Long, High School for the Gifted - National University of Ho Chi Minh City
7. Tran Thi Phuong Dung, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive assessment of self-esteem and well-being among high school students in Ho Chi Minh City using a questionnaire interview method. A 5-point Likert scale was employed to evaluate the perceptions of self-esteem and well-being. Data were collected through 1,300 distributed questionnaires, yielding a response rate of 97.08%, resulting in 1,262 valid survey questionnaires. The survey findings revealed that the overall average scores of self-esteem assessments consistently achieved level 3 or higher, with a substantial proportion reaching level 4, showcasing a positive self-perception among the students. Notably, statistical analysis highlighted a significant difference in self-esteem between male and female students. Furthermore, an analysis of self-esteem based on grade levels indicated a progressive increase in self-esteem scores as students advanced from lower to higher grades, underlining the influence of age and approaching adulthood on self-perception. Male students exhibited slightly higher self-esteem scores compared to their female counterparts, aligning with existing research that indicates a minor gender disparity in self-esteem. Gender-wise, female students exhibited a higher level of well-being than male students, possibly indicating differences in cognitive awareness and mental health concern. Additionally, a variation in well-being across different grade levels was observed, potentially reflecting the evolving cognitive and emotional states of students as they progress through high school.

Keywords

High school Student; Self-esteem; Well-being; Demographic; Current status

Full Text:

PDF

References

[1] J. Barlow and A. Underdown, “Promoting the social and emotional health of children: where to now?” Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 64-70, 2005.

[2] J. Barlow and J. Parsons, “Group‐based parent‐training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in 0 – 3 year old children,” Campbell Systematic Reviews, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-59, 2005.

[3] S. Scott, M. Knapp, J. Henderson, and B. Maughan, “Financial cost of social exclusion: follow up study of antisocial children into adulthood,” BMJ, vol. 323, 2001, Art. no. 191.

[4] R. M. Ryan and E. L. Deci, “On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being,” Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 141-166, 2001.

[5] Scottish Government, “National Statistics: The Scottish Health Survey 2008,” 2008. [Online]. Available: https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-health-survey-2008. [Accessed Oct. 12, 2023].

[6] A. Singh-Manoux, P. Martikainen, J. Ferrie, M. Zins, M. Marmot, and M. Goldberg, “What does self rated health measure? Results from the British Whitehall II and French Gazel cohort studies,” Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 364-372, 2006.

[7] M. R. Leary and G. MacDonald, “Individual differences in self-esteem: A review and theoretical integration,” in Handbook of self and identity, M. R. Leary and J. P. Tangney (Eds.), The Guilford Press, 2003, pp. 401–418.

[8] M. R. Leary, Understanding social anxiety: Social, personality and clinical perspectives. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1983.

[9] S. E. Taylor and J. Crocker, “Schematic bases of social information processing,” in Social cognition: The Ontario symposium, E. T. Higgins, C. P. Herman, and M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1981, pp. 89-134.

[10] M. R. Leary, E. S. Tambor, S. K. Terdal, and D. L. Downs, “Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 68, no. 3, 1995, Art. no. 518.

[11] C. C. Lin, “Self-esteem mediates the relationship between dispositional gratitude and well-being,” Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 85, pp. 145-148, 2015.

[12] M. K. Rasmussen and A. M. Pidgeon, “The direct and indirect benefits of dispositional mindfulness on self-esteem and social anxiety,” Anxiety, Stress and Coping, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 227-233, 2011.

[13] C. C. Lin, “Gratitude and depression in young adults: The mediating role of self-esteem and well-being,” Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 87, pp. 30-34, 2015.

[14] M. Rosenberg, Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.

[15] T. Gnambs, A. Scharl, and U. Schroeders, “The structure of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale,” Journal of Psychology, vol. 226, pp. 14-29, 2018.

[16] W. Boyce, T. Torsheim, C. Currie, and A. Zambon, “The family affluence scale as a measure of national wealth: validation of an adolescent self-report measure,” Social Indicators Research, vol. 78, pp. 473-487, 2006.

[17] A. Clarke, T. Friede, R. Putz, J. Ashdown, S. Martin, A. Blake, and S. Stewart-Brown, “Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): validated for teenage school students in England and Scotland. A mixed methods assessment,” BMC Public Health, vol. 11, pp. 1-9, 2011.

[18] T. Yamane, Statistics: An introductory analysis. London: John Weather Hill, Inc, 1973.

[19] K. C. Kling, J. S. Hyde, C. J. Showers, and B. N. Buswell, “Gender differences in self-esteem: a meta-analysis,” Psychological Bulletin, vol. 125, no. 4, pp. 470-500, 1999.

[20] W. Bleidorn, R. C. Arslan, J. J. Denissen, P. J. Rentfrow, J. E. Gebauer, J. Potter, and S. D. Gosling, “Age and gender differences in self-esteem – A cross-cultural window,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 111, no. 3, pp. 396-410, 2016.

[21] J. M. Williams and C. Currie, “Self-esteem and physical development in early adolescence: Pubertal timing and body image,” The Journal of Early Adolescence, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 129-149, 2000.

[22] B. Wojciszke, W. Baryla, M. Parzuchowski, A. Szymkow, and A. E. Abele, “Self‐esteem is dominated by agentic over communal information,” European Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 617-627, 2011.

[23] J. E. Gebauer, J. Wagner, C. Sedikides, and W. Neberich, “Agency‐communion and self‐esteem relations are moderated by culture, religiosity, age, and sex: Evidence for the “self‐centrality breeds self‐enhancement” principle,” Journal of Personality, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 261-275, 2013.

[24] U. Orth and R. W. Robins, “The development of self-esteem,” Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 381-387, 2014.

[25] R. Hogan and B. W. Roberts, “A socioanalytic model of maturity,” Journal of Career Assessment, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 207-217, 2004.

[26] J. M. Chung, R. W. Robins, K. H. Trzesniewski, E. E. Noftle, B. W. Roberts, and K. F. Widaman, “Continuity and change in self-esteem during emerging adulthood,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 469-483, 2014.

[27] A. Pietraszkiewicz, M. Kaufmann, and M. M. Formanowicz, “Masculinity ideology and subjective well-being in a sample of Polish men and women,” Polish Psychological Bulletin, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 79-86, 2017.

[28] C. J. C. Ahrens and C. D. Ryff, “Multiple roles and well-being: Sociodemographic and psychological moderators,” Sex Roles, vol. 55, pp. 801-815, 2006.

[29] M. Karasawa, K. B. Curhan, H. R. Markus, S. S. Kitayama, G. D. Love, B. T. Radler, and C. D. Ryff, “Cultural perspectives on aging and well-being: A comparison of Japan and the United States,” The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 73-98, 2011.

[30] A. M. Abdullahi, R. Orji, and A. A. Kawu, “Gender, age and subjective well-being: Towards personalized persuasive health interventions,” Information, vol. 10, no. 10, 2019, Art.no. 301.

[31] L. L. Carstensen, H. H. Fung, and S. T. Charles, “Socioemotional selectivity theory and the regulation of emotion in the second half of life,” Motivation and Emotion, vol. 27, pp. 103-123, 2003.

[32] S. Taneva, “What is psychological well-being and how it changes throughout the employment cycle?” In Work, Health and Sustainability: Building Citizenship. Unicamp BFCM: Campinas, Brazil, 2016, pp. 83-90.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.34238/tnu-jst.9006

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.



Remember me